Shutter speed allows you to take faster photos it is able to capture faster shots without blur this is needed for action shots but there are exceptions

Low shutter speed

High shutter speed

Aperture is expressed in f stops a larger number is a smaller aperture and has more depth of field but smaller apertures cause diffraction large apertures let more light in

Small aperture

Large aperture

White balance is measured in kelvin  lower then 300 thousand is blue higher than 650 is reddish

Cold white balance

Even white balance

Warm white balance

ISO is used to manipulate aperture and shutter speed increasing iso allows you to slow down shutter speed

low ISO

High ISO